• UK imports £24.5 billion worth of four key food commodities (fruit and vegetables, meat, cereals, and dairy and eggs) Savills analysis shows 69% of these imports originated from nations with worse environmental impact scores than the UK – increasing to 77% for fruit and vegetables and cereals
• Food inflation hit 4.3% in May, up from 3.5% in April, reaching its highest point since April 2012
• Unless addressed, increased costs risks offshoring food production to countries where traceability and environmental standards may not be guaranteed

More than two thirds (69%) of UK food imports originate from nations with worse environmental impact standards, according to Savills latest rural report Spotlight on Agri-Food Sustainability, as the government considers cutting food export duties to ease the cost of living crisis.

The latest shop price index reveals that food inflation increased to 4.3% in May, up from 3.5% in April, reaching its highest point since April 2012, as inflation rises at its fastest rate in 40 years. While, according to Deloitte, almost a third of consumers (30%) claim to have stopped purchasing certain products because of concerns about their sustainability, the rising cost of living has the potential to delay this shift in consumer behaviour.

The government has tasked the Department for International Trade with assessing the impact of cutting base-rate duties of goods coming from nations that don’t have trade deals with the UK, as it looks for ways to ease the UK’s cost of living crisis. However, Savills warns that this would pit consumer opportunities and cheap food directly against long term environmental impact. 

What is the environmental impact of importing food?

By value the UK is already a significant net importer of food (importing £39.5 billion of food between March 2021 and February 2022 and exporting £13.9 billion – Defra, 2021). However, losing domestic production to third countries as a result of increased costs of production in the UK risks offshoring more food production to countries where traceability and environmental standards may not be guaranteed.

While the World Trade Organisation (WTO) does allow for food safety standards within trade deals based upon quality, they don’t address the way the product is created, including its environmental impact.

HMRC data for the first post-Brexit calendar year shows that the UK import value of four key food commodities (fruit and vegetables, meat, cereals, and dairy and eggs) accounts for £24.5 billion worth of imports, or 62% of all food and drink imported into the UK between March 2021 and February 2022. Savills Rural Research analysed the provenance of this imported food and scored the relative environmental impact of each exporting country.

The research revealed that over two thirds (69%, or £16.8 billion) of the UK’s food imports originate from nations with worse environmental impact scores than the UK. For fruit and vegetables and cereals, this proportion increased to 77%.

Emily Norton, head of rural research at Savills, comments, “While the UK can improve standards of its own food producers, the scope to impose them on imports through trade deals is much more limited. Unilateral tariff cuts on food imports in the name of the cost of living crisis is a short-sighted fix to a long term problem.  It’s important the government acknowledges that preserving and improving domestic food production is vital in meeting domestic targets for biodiversity and nature, as well as consumers’ needs to access safe and nutritious food.”

The government’s Green Trade report stressed that the UK is well placed to take a leading role in setting a precedent for the way in which trade deals can target environmental impact, however, environmental equivalence won’t stop UK producers being undercut by overseas producers who benefit from climatic differences as well as lower labour costs.

Andrew Wraith Savills head of food and farming comments, “UK producers are seeing higher environmental standards being implemented through legislation but also through evolving  supply chain requirements which are impacting on costs of production. Confidence  in investment in domestic production is undermined by the prospect of cheaper imported supply produced against different standards.”