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Higher percentage of food free of residues.

In the EU coordinated part of the monitoring programme, which is designed to collect directly comparable data from reporting countries and to enable dietary exposure assessment, 61.4% of samples were free of measurable pesticide residues. Compared with 2006, the last time the same food commodities of plant origin were analysed under the EU-coordinated programme, the MRL exceedance rate has fallen from 4.4% to 1.4%. EFSA said this could be partially ascribed to the harmonisation of MRLs, which came into force in September 2008, but other factors – such as the more effective use of legislation compelling producers and other industry players to implement safety systems, and changes in the pattern of pesticide use in Europe – may have contributed to the improvement.

EFSA's Pesticides Unit, which prepared the report, emphasised that the presence of pesticides in food at a level exceeding the MRLs does not necessarily imply a safety concern.

In the EU-coordinated programme residues exceeding the MRL were found for 47 different pesticides. The most frequent MRL exceedances were detected for residues of HCH alpha, active ingredient in Lindane (0.26% of the samples) and dimethoate (0.22% of the samples). The highest percentages of MRL exceedances were found for dimethoate in aubergines, where the MRL was exceeded in 0.87% of all samples.

The highest percentage of samples exceeding the MRL was identified for table grapes (2.8%), followed by peppers (1.8%), aubergines (1.7%), peas (1.0%), wheat (0.8%), butter (0.6%), cauliflower (0.5%), bananas (0.4%) and chicken eggs (0.2%). The pesticide/crop combinations where residue values were measured most frequently were imazalil/bananas (49.5%), chlormequat/wheat (42.3%) and fenhexamid/table grapes (23.8%).

Reporting countries, which include all EU Member States, but also Iceland and Norway, analysed nearly 68,000 samples of food commodities for 834 pesticides. The number of food commodities analysed rose from just under 200 in 2008 to approximately 300 in 2009.

The introduction of a new data reporting format enabled a more accurate assessment of the long-term risks to consumers from exposure to pesticide residues. EFSA concluded that based on current knowledge long-term exposure to residues detected in major foods that make up the European diet would not raise health concerns.

The assessment of short-term acute exposure was based on worst-case scenarios – assuming the consumption of large portions of a food item containing the highest recorded residue – and EFSA concluded that risks to consumers were unlikely. Of the 10,553 samples taken in the EU coordinated programme, a potential risk could not be ruled out for 77.

MRLs were more often breached in samples from countries outside the European Economic Area (6.9% of samples) than in those from the EU and EFTA countries (1.5% of samples).

The lowest exceedance rates overall were for food products of animal origin (0.3%).

No specific MRLs have been established for organically produced commodities so those used for conventionally produced commodities are applied. The MRL exceedance rate recorded for organic produce was lower by a factor of 7 compared to conventionally grown produce.

Residues in Organic food

In 2009, a total of 3,090 samples of organic origin were taken by a total of 25 countries, which corresponds to 5% of all surveillance samples taken in the reporting countries. For fruit and nuts grown organically, a lower rate of MRL exceedances (0.4%) was found in comparison to conventionally grown fruit and nuts (2.7%), for vegetables the MRL exceedances of the samples were 0.5% and 3.4% respectively for organically and conventionally grown crops. The following substances were found in organic samples, even if their use was not allowed in organic production: chlormequat, fenbutatin oxide, MCPA and MCPB, mepiquat, methabenzthiazuron and propamocarb. Also residues of CS₂ - which is an indicator for the presence of pesticides belonging to the group of the dithiocarbamates - were found. However, since some crops contain natural compounds which also release CS₂ during the chemical analysis the results cannot prove beyond doubt that dithiocarbamate pesticides were used.

In the report, EFSA makes a number of recommendations aimed at improving future monitoring programmes and the enforcement of European legislation on pesticide residues.

For a copy of the report click here