Cold overnight conditions have meant soil temperatures are rising slowly this spring and although temperatures are at their optimum for sowing, in some areas care still needs to be taken. The decision on when to plant maize needs to be taken on a field-by-field basis as there is still a risk of overnight frosts which can set back a maize crop significantly, advises ForFarmers Forage Product Manager Mel Digger.

"Soil temperature really needs to be above 8°C – 10°C for three to four consecutive days and preferably rising on light ground, and 10°C – 12°C on heavier soils, before you think about maize planting," says Mel. "Take each field on a case-by-case basis and only plant when forecast conditions look good. Following the late sowings last year due to the weather, which was then further affected by a late harvest, there is a wish to get maize in as soon as possible at present.

"Preparation of the field is key to establishing and growing a successful maize crop. Subsoiling is essential because maize is a deep rooting plant, and any compaction will result in uneven and patchy germination. Plough and cultivate, and leave a fine, firm seedbed with a working tilth of 5cm," she suggests.

"We've had some dry conditions this spring and although weather seems to be a bit more unsettled now, moisture is important for successful establishment. You need to be planting into moisture to provide the optimum conditions for even germination. A drilling depth of between 3 and 5cm will help ensure a good moisture content."

Mel recommends a row width of 75cm and an optimum seed spacing of between 10 and 2cm.

"Aim for a seed rate of 104,000-111,000/ha (42,000-45,000/acre) for conventionally drilled maize but adapt with your maize variety," she adds. "Lower seed rates may be recommended for some varieties and for different times of sowing. Lower seed rates advance maturity and can improve quality but will reduce dry matter (DM) yield, while higher seed rates increase DM yields but delay maturity and quality may suffer," she adds.

For more information about maize varieties and successful establishment visit the ForFarmers website.