From Mark Turner, Planning, Environmental, Energy and Regulatory (PEER) Partner at Aaron & Partners

In recent months, planning departments at local authorities have witnessed a rise in applications for large-scale solar developments on farmland, marking a significant trend in the UK's renewable energy landscape.

While the push for sustainable energy is crucial, and there’s a perception that planning policies heavily favour renewable energy schemes, gaining approval is not straightforward – in fact, it can be an arduous process for those promoting the application. It often involves significant expense due to the requirement for a public inquiry and the provision of evidence from a suite of experts, including planning consultants, soil scientists, ecologists, and landscape experts, as well as the agreement of section 106 agreements, which require legal input.

Here, Mark Turner, Planning, Environmental, Energy and Regulatory (PEER) Partner at Aaron & Partners, discusses six key aspects anyone looking to achieve planning permission on agricultural land should consider.

1. The need to prioritise lower-quality agricultural land

One of the primary considerations when it comes to planning applications for solar farms is the use of agricultural land. National planning policies encourage the use of lower-quality land (Grades 3b to 5) for solar developments to minimise the impact on food production. This is critical because the best and most versatile agricultural land (BMVAL) - Grades 1 to 3a - is needed for high-yielding arable farming.

Using lower-grade land helps balance the need for renewable energy with the imperative of maintaining food security.

2. Navigating national and local planning policies

Next up, it’s vital to understand the intricate web of national and local planning. The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) supports renewable energy projects, but this support is not unconditional.

Developers must be aware of local planning guidelines and any specific policies that might impact their application. These policies can vary significantly between local authority areas, so thorough research and consultation with planning experts is essential to align proposals with policy requirements. For instance, Wiltshire Council voted in May 2024 for a motion calling upon the Government to ensure solar developments are more evenly spread across the UK. This followed concerns over a high concentration of solar farms, battery storage and associated infrastructure in the county.

3. Addressing environmental assessments

Many solar farm applications require comprehensive environmental assessments to evaluate the impact on the landscape, biodiversity, and heritage.

This is especially pertinent for sites within green belts or areas of outstanding natural beauty (AONBs). Detailed studies and reports must demonstrate that the impacts are acceptable and that any negative effects can be properly mitigated.

Engaging with the local community as early as possible in the process can also help address potential concerns and build support.

4. Mitigating ecological concerns

Ecological considerations are paramount in the planning process. Developers must assess and mitigate the impact on wildlife, ensuring that any disruption is compensated adequately.

For example, if a site is home to protected species, the application may need to include plans to provide alternative habitats. This might involve setting aside nearby land to accommodate displaced wildlife, which can add to the complexity and cost of the project.

5. Overcoming logistical and financial challenges

Connecting a solar farm to the national grid presents significant logistical and financial challenges. The process involves not only the physical connection but also securing agreements with grid operators, which can be time-consuming and costly.

Understanding the technical requirements and potential bottlenecks in advance can help streamline this process. Additionally, planning for the financial outlay required for these connections is crucial, as it can significantly impact the project's viability.

6. Recognising the benefits of solar schemes

Despite the challenges, solar schemes offer substantial benefits for farmers and the broader community.

Diversifying farm income is a major advantage, providing a steady revenue stream that can enhance financial stability. In addition to that, solar farms contribute to reducing the carbon footprint and supporting the UK's national renewable energy targets.

By carefully considering these benefits and addressing the key planning issues, farmers can make informed decisions about integrating solar projects into their land use strategy.

Thorough preparation, research and awareness

Solar farms are becoming an increasingly controversial topic of conversation; however they remain a big part of the UK’s drive to net zero.

The increasing trend of solar farm applications on farmland reflects the growing emphasis on renewable energy, but gaining planning approval can often be tricky.

By prioritising lower-quality land, understanding relevant planning policies, conducting thorough environmental assessments, addressing ecological concerns, managing logistical challenges, and recognising the overall benefits, solar developers can navigate this complex process more effectively.

Mark Turner is a Planning, Environmental, Energy and Regulatory (PEER) Partner at Aaron & Partners. He advises clients on a wide range of planning matters including applications and appeals, Certificates of Lawfulness, High Court challenges and judicial reviews, and enforcement.

For more information go to www.aaronandpartners.com