Goats learn how to solve complicated tasks quickly and can recall how to perform them for at least 10 months, which might explain their remarkable ability to adapt to harsh environments, according to researchers at Queen Mary University of London.

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The scientists, whose work was published on Wednesday, trained a group of goats to retrieve food from a box using a linked sequence of steps; first by pulling a lever with their mouths and then by lifting it to release the reward. The goats' ability to remember the task was tested after one month and again at 10 months. They learned the task within 12 trials and took less than two minutes to remember the challenge.

"The speed at which the goats completed the task at 10 months compared to how long it took them to learn indicates excellent long-term memory," said co-author Dr Elodie Briefer, now based at ETH Zurich.

Before each learning session, some of the goats had the opportunity to watch another goat to demonstrate the task.

Dr Briefer continued, "We found that those without a demonstrator were just as fast at learning as those that had seen demonstrations. This shows that goats prefer to learn on their own rather than by watching others."

The research was supported by the Swiss Federal Veterinary Office and data was collected at Buttercups Sanctuary for Goats in Kent. This is the first time that scientists have investigated how goats learn complex physical cognition tasks, which, the researchers said, could explain why they are so adaptable to harsh environments and good at foraging for plants in the wild.

Co-author Dr Alan McElligott from Queen Mary's School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, added, "Our results challenge the common misconception that goats aren't intelligent animals - they have the ability to learn complex tasks and remember them for a long time.

"This could explain why they are so successful in colonising new environments, though we would need to perform a similar study with wild goats to be sure."